Seeking Guidance: Reapplying to US Universities

Hello everyone,

I hope you're all doing well! I'm Summer from Malaysia, and I'm truly grateful for your time and attention. I'm aspiring to pursue Computer Science and Mathematics at universities in the US, and I have a question that I hope you can help me with.

Last year, I applied to US universities but unfortunately got rejected from my preferred choices. So, I've decided to give it another shot this year. I'm curious to know whether the same university would 'remember' my application from last year, or if I'll be treated as a fresh applicant. The reason I'm asking is that last year's applications were a bit sudden, but this year, I've put in a lot of preparation and discovered new ways to structure my application, with a stronger emphasis on certain aspects.

I appreciate any insights or advice you can provide. Thank you so much in advance!